Thursday, July 5, 2012

The Cat Factor: Toxoplasma Infection Changing our Smell Perception

How does brain chemistry affect our sense of smell? Does your fluffy pussycat have anything to do with it? And what about infections by parasites making our sense of smell and our overall behavior different? 

"In a recent study, Czech scientists gave men and women towels scented with the urine of various animals—horses, lions, hyenas, cats, dogs—which they rated for “pleasantness.” Turns out, men who tested positive for Toxo [i.e.Toxoplasma gondii parasite] found the smell of cat urine more pleasant than men without Toxo[...] French chemists discovered something unexpected in a 1995 sauvignon blanc from Bordeaux: 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol, a grape breakdown product that doubles as a fragrant pheromone in cat pee.[...]
Maybe, like with the rats, Toxo is changing something about the way the brain processes cat smells, making the men with Toxo find it more pleasant. Could it be that Toxo is the perfumer par excellance [sic], with privileged access to the very seat of smell itself? Is it a coincidence that “le monstre” of the perfume industry [i.e. Chanel No.5] and the Bordeaux sauvignon blanc both come from France, a country with one of the highest rates of Toxo in the world? "


Thus theorizes a most interesting article on Slate.com writen by Patrick House. One can take issue with the fact that "musk" is used indiscriminately throughout the article for all animalic scents as per perfumery jargon, though we know different; that civet doesn't smell of cat urine per se (rather blackcurrant buds absolute does, as highlighted in our own article the other day); and that Chanel No.5 is really musky but not cat-urinous like, even if "catty" in its attitude. Still, it makes a most interesting case for the way brain chemistry and circuiting is playing a major role in our perception of smells and our reaction to them through minute details we don't take into account day in day out! 

There is also linking to other interesting previously published articles, stating that about 40% of the general population carries the parasite (once you have it, usually asymptomatically, you develop antibodies to it and carry it on for life) and I quote from one of them:

"Infected men [with Toxoplasma gondii] have lower IQs, achieve a lower level of education and have shorter attention spans. They are also more likely to break rules and take risks, be more independent, more anti-social, suspicious, jealous and morose, and are deemed less attractive to women."
"On the other hand, infected women tend to bemore outgoing, friendly, more promiscuous, and are considered more attractive to men compared with non-infected controls.
"In short, it can make men behave like alley cats and women behave like sex kittens".
"Another study showed people who were infected but not showing symptoms were 2.7 times more likely than uninfected people to be involved in a car accident as a driver or pedestrian, while other research has linked the parasite to higher incidences of schizophrenia." [from same source]

Interesting, don't you think? 

Now, I happen to know I have been infected with this particular parasite in the past (probably from eating rare meat, a habit that French people also take to with a vengeance making them one of the people with the highest rates of Toxo in the world) and I can attest these things:
I have always liked cats, though never owning one, and always found their urine sharply ammoniac and very intense (i.e. not exactly pleasant). I have not  developed a more outgoing nature compared to previously. Nor have I noticed a sharper interest in male attention that is irresponsive to other accouterments of my appearance. Can't say I have ever being involved in a car accident, which is rather miraculous for living where I live (where car accidents are frequent and driving is aggressive) and my risk-taking is just about level to what it used to be. 
I may have become a little bit more aloof though, being crankier compared to my puppy fat years, i.e. cattier. 

What do you think? 

pic via wired.com

San Francisco Perfume Workshop with Ayala Moriel

All-naturals perfumer Ayala Moriel has been composing perfume for years and her workshops are especially welcome for perfume aficionados who really want to learn a bit more about the craft. In that spirit she's organising another one of those in San Francisco this Saturday July 7th. Please find all the details below and stay tuned for more news by Ayala Moriel on these pages soon! This July, Ayala Moriel's Traveling Perfume School returns to San Francisco with a weekend perfume making workshop to co-inside with the Artisan Fragrance Salon. If you'd like to dip your toes in the deep water of the art of perfumery, there is no better way to do it!


When: Saturday, July 7th,4-6:30pm
Where: Alex Sandor's Art Studio 1650 Bush Street (Between Franklin & Gough) San Francisco, CA

 Regular price is $300, but we're offering this class for $150 just to cover the raw material and supplies costs. This will include a beautiful splash/spray bottle that you will be taking home with you, with your own perfume name on it!

To RSVP - call Ayala at (778) 863-0806, or book online here. Space is limited to 10 people, and is on a first-come, first-serve basis.

 WORKSHOP DETAILS: Learn how to design and create your own personal perfume from precious botanical essences, in pure grain alcohol. By the end of the workshop, you will have made a perfume to take home with you. We will provide you with a spray bottle, and your own professional-looking label! The regular price for this workshop is $300, but we're offering it at an introductoroy price of $150 to just cover the raw material and bottles costs. There is space for 10 students only.

 ABOUT THE LOCATION: Alex Sandor's Art Studio is a unique hair salon that takes aesthetics and sustainability to the next level. The beautiful studio is furnished with toxin-free, salvaged and recycled materials and is a serene spot where you can enjoy a serene atmosphere and elite services.

 ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR: Ayala Moriel is the founder of pioneering natural perfume and bespoke company Ayala Moriel Parfums (est. 2001). She designed countless custom perfumes for discerning customers, celebrities and perfumistas from around the world; as well as for other brands such as - Bodhana's line of 5 natural solid perfumes; and eco-friendly house cleaning products Sapadilla; and collaborated with esteemed tea masters, candle-makers and chocolatieres to create cutting edge lines of scented teas, candles and fragrant chocolate bars. Ms. Moriel has been teaching for 5 years a long term professional natural perfumery training course, as well as many perfume making classes and workshops for amateurs and fragrance lovers of all ages. She was invited to teach and speak in other schools and organizations, including St. George and the BC Association of Practicing Aromatherapists. Her students have launched their own independent perfume and natural products brands, i.e.: Lucy Miller (Lucy Miller Pure), Stacey Moore (Lux Vivens), Monique Trottier (Botany of Delight), Anita Kalnay (Flying Colors), and more.

Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Elastic City "7 through the Nose" by Josely Carvalho: A Scented Walk & Diary of Smells

Elastic City is a New York City based, non-profit arts organization. It commissions emerging and established artists to create walks in cities around the world. These walks tend to focus less on providing factual information and more on heightening our awareness, exploring our senses and making new group rituals in dialogue with public space.Their newest 7 Through the Nose is a scented walk masterminded by Brazilian artist Josely Carvalho  (Read details at: http://www.elastic-city.org/walks/7-through-nose)




Josely Carvalho is a Brazilian multi-media artist and poet who lives in New York City and Rio de Janeiro. Over the past three decades, she has assembled a body of work in a wide range of media that gives eloquent voice to matters of memory, identity and social justice while challenging the boundaries between artist and audience, art and politics.
Her latest project, Diary of Smells includes olfactory and its connection to memory and emotions. Josely approaches smell through the construction of original smells (i.e. the smell of a nest), and through sculptural installations, video, photography and group scentwalks through communities. For her collaborative project, "Smell Flasks," one thousand perfume bottles were filled with visual memories of smells.
“7 Through the Nose” will expand upon Josely Carvalho's longstanding work with the olfactory. Participants will explore their own senses of smell and its powerful relationship to memory and emotion. Starting in Times Square and sniffing through Flushing, the group will identify synthetic smells (i.e. smells created to entice sales: such as french fries and store-specific fragrances) and existing natural urban smells, (i.e.sweat, herbs, fish, bread and urine). Via memory, metaphor and association, Josely will work with each participant to record smells in individual and collective scent journals; an evanescent geography of odors.

Each walk holds 12 people and will begin in Times Square and end around the Flushing-Main Street subway stop.

Date / Time: Tue, Jul 10, 2012, 6:30pm 

                      Thu, Jul 12, 2012, 6:30pm
Sat, Jul 14, 2012, 4:00pm

Starting Point: 40th Street and 7th Avenue, New York, NY

Duration: 2 hours



Book your place here. For Perfume Shrine readers there is even the option of a 20% discount off walking tour using code PERFSHRINE.

Avon Unplugged for Her & for Him fronted by Jon Bon Jovi: new fragrances

Avon Products has announced that the 50-year-old rock star is the company's newest celebrity fragrance partner. He'll appear in ads for both Unplugged for Her and Unplugged for Him. Why these two partners meshed? Call it a merging interest in philanthropy.


The company said "the inspiration for both scents is the unique feeling one has listening to a favourite song". The goal is "an emotional connection". The women's version is a floral oriental perfume, and the men's is a woody floral musk fragrance. Available through Avon reps and online in October 2012 (for the women's version) and November 2012 (for the men's edition). pic via starfetch.com

Tuesday, July 3, 2012

Perfumery Material: Blackcurrant/Bourgeons de Cassis

Have you wondered why some people spontaneously identify a particular ingredient in perfumes as "cat piss"? The seemingly rude term is not without some logical explanation and might indeed indicate a refinement of nose rather than an abject rejection of perfume en masse. Let's explain.


Black currant bud absolute is known as bourgeons de cassis in French, coming from Ribes nigrum and differentiated from the synthetic "cassis" bases that can be cloying and which were so very popular in the 1980s and early 1990s perfumery, notably in Tiffany for Tiffany (by Jacques Polge) in 1987 and Poeme for Lancome (by Jacques Cavallier) in 1995. Compared to the artificial berry bases defined as "cassis," the natural black currant bud absolute comes off as greener and lighter with a characteristic touch of cat. Specifically the ammoniac feel of a feline's urinary tract, controversial though that may seem.

The Peculiar Smell of Thioles in Cat Piss and Blackcurrant Buds
The characteristic odor of the black currant berries and flower buds of the black currant plant is due to glandular trichomes that carry thioles, especially 4-methoxy-2-methylbutan-2-thiol, an ingredients which brings on a cat-urine note atop the fruity facet of the plant. Three hydroxy nitriles also contribute a significant element into the odor profile of black currants, attesting to the acquired taste that black currant is as a note in perfumes. But other plants share some of the particular note, though they're less used in perfumes, such as the leaves of the South African buchu, with which it pairs when the desired effect is to reinforce the feline.

Blackcurrant Buds in Perfumery
Black currant absolute comes from the bud (as per Biolandes, who produce it in France in Le Sen and Valréas regions) but also from the distilled leaves of the plant (as per perfumer Aurelien Guichard) and is extracted into a yellowish green to dark green paste that projects as a spicy-fruity-woody note retaining a fresh, yet tangy nuance, slightly phenolic.
Its most celebrated use has been in being introduced in Guerlain's classic 1969 perfume Chamade, composed by Jean Paul Guerlain. Van Cleef & Arpels, however, have done much to promote their own pioneering use of black currant buds in First, coming out in 1976, composed by perfumer Jean-Claude Ellena. The niche creator Annick Goutal envisioned a fragrance for the young girl in every woman in 1982 when she created a deliciously mellow blend of blackcurrant buds, mimosa and cocoa for her daughter Charlotte in Eau de Charlotte, because her daughter loved blackcurrant jam.


Due to concerns with irritation hazards to eyes, the respiratory system and skin sensitization, black currant bud absolute is used no more than at a rate of 1.0000% in the fragrance compound nowadays and only 20,0000 ppm in flavoring usage.

In fragrances, black currant bud absolute blends particularly well with roses but it also allies very well with a pleiad of perfumery ingredients: allyl amyl glycolate (a modern "pineapple"-like metallic musky note), ambrettolide (light, vegetal smelling musk), benzoin (a sweet resin), benzyl acetate (fruity floral with hints of jasmine), buch leaf oil (for reinforcing its catty profile), orange and citruses, cyclamen aldehyde, beta-damascone (rosy-fruity), beta-ionone (violet), ethyl maltol (the scent of cotton candy), heliotrope/heliotropin, galbanum (bitter green resin), oakmoss (tree lichen with bitter inky profile), jasmine absolutes and various rasperry ketones.

Fragrances that feature black currant buds/leaves notes: 

Annick Goutal Eau de Charlotte
Calvin Klein Escape 
Cacharel Loulou
Diptyque L'Ombre dans L'Eau 
Éditions de Parfums Frédéric Malle Portrait of a Lady
Estée Lauder Beautiful 
Estée Lauder Bronze Goddess Capri
Estée Lauder Jasmine White Moss
Fendi Fan di Fendi 
Floris Amaryllis
Floris Night Scented Jasmine
Gucci Rush II 
Guerlain Chamade 
Guerlain Champs Elysées 
Hermes Eau d'Orange Verte
Houbigant Quelques Fleurs Royale 
Jacomo Silences Eau de Parfum sublime (2012)
Juicy Couture Peace Love Juicy Couture
Lalique Amethyste 
Lancome Miracle Forever
Lancome Tresor Midnight Rose
Michael Kors Island Hawaii
Patricia de Nicolai Sacrebleu
Tom Ford Black Orchid 
Valentino Rock & Rose 
Van Cleef & Arpels First 
Van Cleef & Arpels Féerie
YSL Baby Doll 
YSL In Love Again
YSL Saharienne

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